International scholars on J-1 visas are required by United States law to abide by immigration regulations throughout their stay in the US. Generally speaking, J-1 scholars are admitted to the U.S. for the sole purpose of conducting research or teaching at the host institution. Participation by scholars in any other activity is considered to be a privilege and is only allowable in accordance with strict Department of State (DOS) and US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) rules. Penalties for violations of immigration law can be severe and can include deportation and 10-year bars from reentry to the U.S, so it is essential for scholars to understand their responsibilities.